Numerical study of exhaust flow behavior in a calcium carbide waste adsorber for two-wheel vehicle applications

H.S. Tira, Y.A. Padang, N. Kaliwantoro, A.D. Catur, I.G.N.K. Yudhyadi, S. Rahman

Abstract


Calcium carbide waste has demonstrated potential as an adsorber material for motorcycle exhaust emission control; however, the internal flow and thermal mechanisms governing its performance remain unclear. This study presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of exhaust gas flow through a calcium carbide waste adsorber to elucidate pressure, velocity, temperature, and turbulence characteristics. Simulations were conducted for adsorber lengths of 50, 100, and 150 mm, with the 150 mm configuration selected as a representative case due to similar overall trends. The results indicate a gradual pressure reduction along the exhaust system, flow acceleration within the adsorber due to cross-sectional constriction, and non-uniform temperature distribution influenced by asymmetric flow patterns. Turbulence kinetic energy increases upon gas entry into the adsorber and varies with adsorber length, highlighting the role of geometry in flow mixing and turbulence dissipation. These findings provide physical insight into the mechanisms underlying the emission reduction observed in previous experimental studies.

Keywords


Calcium carbide; Exhaust emission; Computational fluid dynamics; Turbulence kinetic energy

Full Text:

PDF

References


Bindar, Y., Geometry effect investigation on a conical chamber with porous media boundary condition using computational fluid dynamic (cfd) technique, ITB Journal Engineering Science, 41(2), 97-110, 2009.

Eliopoulos, I.P., Eliopoulos, G., Sfendoni, T., Economou-Eliopoulos, M, Cycling of pt, pd, and rh derived from catalytic converters: potential pathways and biogeochemical processes, Minerals, 12, 917, 2022.

Harefa, D., Giawa, A.B., Analisis literatur tentang prinsip bernoulli dalam desain aliran fluida, Identik: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, Pendidikan dan Teknik, 2(2), 22-27, 2025.

Helmizar, H., Nopita, D., Witanto, Y., Shai, K., Eka P.R.D., Mainil, A.K., Computational fluid dynamics study on head loss through 90° elbows with curvature radius variation, International Journal of Engineering, Transactions C: Applications, 39(6), 1438–1452, 2026.

Karim, M.A., Nasir, S., Widowati, T.W., Hasanudin, U., Kinetic study of adsorption of metal ions (iron and manganese) in groundwater using calcium carbide waste, Journal of Ecological Engineering, 24(5), 155–165, 2023.

Martias, Purwanto, W., Handanu, O.J., Baharudin, A., Andrizal, Analysis of modified exhaust tip geometry on flow behavior and backpressure in car exhaust systems for electricity harvesting, Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET), 7(2), 02502020-01-02502020-010, 2025.

Patel, K.D., Subedar, D., Patel, F, Design and development of automotive catalytic converter using non-nobel catalyst for the reduction of exhaust emission: a review, Materials Today: Proceedings, 57, 2465–2472, 2022.

Soemardi, T.P., Siswantara, A.I., Erwin, Diffuser optimation at exhaust system with catalytic converter for 110 cc mopet with fluid flow cfd simulation, MAKARA Journal of Technology, 7(2), 73-82, 2010.

Sylvia, N., Sobrina, L., Nasrun, Optimasi proses penyerapan CO2 dengan adsorben karbon aktif menggunakan computational fluid dynamics (CFD) dan response surface methodology (RSM), Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal, 8(1), 69-82, 2019.

Tira, H.S, Ikhsan, D, The effect of various two-wheeler camshaft materials on dynamic response using finite element analysis, Rotasi, 25(4), 68-74, 2023.

Tira, H.S, Nuarsa, I.M., Renaldy, Designing an energy-efficient prototype vehicle by the mandalika desantara racing team, Rotasi, 26(4), 44-49, 2024.

Tira, H.S., Padang, Y.A., Syahrul, Putra, D.R.A., Mulyanto, A., Salman, Combination of biogas-dual fuel engine method and activated charcoal adsorbent to minimize emissions from two-wheeler. E3S Web of Conferences, 465, 01013, 2023.

Tira, H.S., Wirawan, M., Rahman, S., Sukjit, E., Sudirman, Performance of adsorbent from calcium carbide residue to reduce exhaust emissions of two-wheeler, Automotive Experiences, 6(1), 23–37, 2023.

Wakid, M., Widyianto, A., Widowati, A., Karakteristik panas pada exhaust manifold dengan variasi putaran mesin menggunakan computational fluid dynamics, Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi Otomotif, 6(2), 51-70, 2024.

Zhu, R., Shin, D., Study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of 25 kw flameless combustion in a cylindrical heat exchanger for a reforming processor, Energies, 16(20), 7160, 2023.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/dtm.v16i1.1247

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Open access

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

After being re-accredited, the Journal of Dinamika Teknik Mesin, still has sinta 3 (S3) which is valid until 2025.