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Experimental investigation of ethanol–pertamax fuel blends: fuel economy, exhaust emissions, and implications for natural carbon capture
Abstract
This study experimentally evaluates the influence of ethanol–Pertamax fuel blends on fuel consumption, exhaust emission characteristics, and their contribution to reducing the burden on Natural Carbon Capture (NCC) systems. Experiments were conducted using an unmodified 125 cc fuel-injected spark-ignition motorcycle fueled with four blend compositions, namely pure Pertamax (E0), E5, E10, and E15. Fuel consumption was measured over an engine speed range of 1200–5400 rpm, whereas exhaust emissions, including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), and oxygen (O2), were quantified using a calibrated exhaust gas analyzer. Among the investigated fuel formulations, the E15 blend exhibited the most favorable results, lowering average fuel consumption by 14.89%, reducing CO emissions by 18.49%, decreasing HC emissions by 30.93%, and achieving a 2.46% reduction in CO2 emissions compared with neat Pertamax. In addition, the residual oxygen concentration in the exhaust increased by 36.52%, indicating more effective fuel oxidation during combustion. This avoided emission is equivalent to the yearly carbon sequestration capacity of approximately 9.6286 mature trees.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/dtm.v16i2.1344
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